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**Caution: Science talk coming up …
SILICONES ARE MADE OF SILICON
Silicones (or “cones”) are molecules that have silicon in them. The silicone, which is typically derived from sand, reacts with oxygen, carbon and hydrogen to make useful materials. Ingredients like dimethicone and cyclomethicone are naturally slippery and shiny, which is why they are excellent for hair.
POLYQUATS ARE MADE OF HYDROCARBONS
Polyquats are molecules that are composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. The quat part refers to the fact that they contain a positively charged nitrogen atom and the poly part refers to the fact that they are polymers. They also have a slippery effect and can smooth hair while reducing static charge.
BOTH STAY ON HAIR, BUT IN DIFFERENT WAYS
Because of the different chemistry of polyquats and silicones, each of these compounds uses a different method to stay on the hair. On hair, the damaged portions are typically negatively charged. The positive charges on the polyquat allow it to stick to these negative sites on the hair. It is a bit like two magnets being attracted to each other.