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When the immediate danger has passed, and if you suspect you were exposed to radioactive fallout, strip off all clothing and place them in a bag, which should be stored away from your immediate area. Wash your hair and skin thoroughly with water, but do not scrub, as this could rub fallout particles into your skin.

The following is a breakdown of various locations and their degrees of exposure to fallout:

Outdoors – Very little Protection

Home or Office – Medium Protection

Basement – Better Protection

Fallout Shelter – Optimal Protection

Root cellars can serve as a fallout shelter when built properly. Shelters can be constructed in basements or can be dug in-ground or into a hillside. To get the most protection against fallout, incorporate any one of the methods listed below:

16 inches of solid brick

16 inches of hollow concrete blocks filled with mortar or sand

2 feet of packed earth, or 3 feet if loose earth

5 inches of steel

3 inches of lead

3 feet of water

There is no way to predict the exact impact of a nuclear attack without the advice of experts trained to measure fallout and its trajectory. The spread of fallout is dependent upon a bomb’s yield, and whether impact was at ground level or if it was detonated above ground. An above ground explosion will spread radioactive fallout further (as experienced with Fukushima).