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Classification of Colors
Dr. Sponenberg (2003) separates the base colors black, bay, and red, and Dr. Anne Bowling (2000) calls the base colors black (including bay) and red, with both scientists relying on genetics. In principle, both their versions are accurate, since black and bay are determined by identical alleles of the Extension gene (see pp.ssss1 and ssss1 for more on this). In this book, I basically adhere to Dr. Sponenberg’s classification—with small changes and refinements. I divide horse colors as follows.
BASE COLORS
Bay
Black (including dominant black)
Seal brown
Chestnut (including red, brown, and flaxen chestnut)
DILUTED COLORS
Colors determined by cream dilution:
Buckskin
Smoky black
Smoky seal brown
Palomino
Double cream
“Wild” colors determined by the Dun gene:
Bay dun
Grullo
Brown dun
Red dun
Silver colors:
Silver bay
Silver seal brown
Silver black (including silver dapple)
Champagne colors:
Amber champagne
Classic champagne
Sable champagne
Gold champagne