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The five moral restraints of subhuman tendencies (pancha yama) include non-violence (ahimsa), truthfulness (satya), non-stealing (asteya), channeling of creative impulses in tune with the higher consciousness (brahmacharya), and non-covetousness (aparigraha). The ethical observances of a humane nature (pancha niyama) are purity (saucha), contentment (santhosha), leading a disciplined and minimalistic life (tapas), introspective self-analysis (swadhyaya), and attitude of acceptance of the Almighty (Iswarpranidhana).

Patanjali advocates adopting appropriate attitudes towards different situations, people, and events in our life. These include friendliness towards those who are at ease with themselves (maitri), compassion towards those who are suffering (karuna), cheerfulness towards the noble (mudita), and equanimity towards the non-virtuous (upekshanam). This enables us to have a clearer perspective on life and to deal with our problems more effectively. He further advises us to cultivate a contrary view (Pratipaksha Bhavanam) when faced with negative thoughts of a destructive nature that otherwise ultimately only lead to suffering.