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Being Properly Equipped

Except when hiking on gentle trails in city parks, hikers should always carry a pack with certain essential items. The standard “Ten Essentials” have evolved from a list of individual items to functional systems that will help to keep you alive and reasonably comfortable in emergency situations.

1. Navigation: topographic map and a compass or GPS device. 2. Sun protection: sunglasses and sunscreen, especially in the mountains. 3. Insulation: extra clothing that is both waterproof and warm. 4. Illumination: a flashlight or headlamp. 5. First-aid supplies. 6. Fire: a candle or other firestarter and matches in a waterproof container. 7. Repair kit: particularly a knife for starting fires, first aid, and countless other uses. 8. Nutrition: enough extra food so you return with a little left over. 9. Hydration: extra water and a means to purify more on longer trips. 10. Emergency shelter: a tent for overnight hikers or a large trash bag, bivy sack, or emergency blanket for dayhikers.

I strongly advise adding a small plastic signaling whistle and a warm knit cap to this list.