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Yama

It means self-restraint, self-control and discipline. The yamas comprise the “shall-not” in our dealings with the external world. Ten yamas are codified as “the restraints” in numerous scriptures including the Shandilya and Varaha Upanishads, the Hatha Yog Pradipika etc.but, Patanjali lists only five yamas in his Yog Sutras.

Ten Traditional yamas are:

1. Ahimsa: Nonviolence. Abstinence from injury that arises out of love for all, harmlessness, the not causing of pain to any living creature in thought, word, or deed at any time.

2. Satya: truthfulness, word and thought in conformity with the facts, honesty. Ahimsa and Satya are the “main” Yama. The other eight are there in support of its accomplishment.

3. Asteya: non-stealing, non-coveting, non-entering into debt.

4. Brahmacharya: being constantly aware of the universe, immersed in divinity, divine conduct, continence, celibate when single, faithfulness when married.

5. Kshama: patience, releasing time functioning in the now.

6. Dhriti: steadfastness, overcoming non-perseverance, fear, and indecision; seeing each task through to completion.