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It’s also interesting to look at these cameras in the light of our five key points for choosing a compact. One telling result is that most of them don’t offer a RAW shooting option.

SLR cameras

Of all the main categories of digital camera, the one that still looks most like its 35mm film ancestors is the SLR. There’s a reason for this. The 35mm SLR is up there with the bicycle as one of the great humanistic design icons. It brings hand and eye together. As a flexible and versatile camera, especially for hand-held use, it has never been bettered, except possibly by its digital successors.

SLR stands for Single-Lens Reflex. Digital SLR is often shortened to DSLR. An SLR is built around a mirror, which diverts the image from the lens into the viewfinder during viewing. The characteristic bulge on top is a pentaprism, which is necessary so you can see the image right-way round and right-side up.

The Nikon D3100, a typical contemporary ‘entry-level’ digital SLR (Jon)

When you take a shot the mirror flips up out of the way before the shutter opens to expose the sensor (or film) and capture the image.