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 Buy a camera with good low-light/high-ISO performance, a good image stabiliser and a ‘fast’ lens (ie one with a low f number). Telephoto lenses are best for close-up action, but wide-angle lenses (ideally 28mm equivalent or less) are far more versatile, generally ‘faster’, and retain a good depth of field at wider apertures.

 Shoot in RAW (rarely possible with compact cameras). Difficult lighting means photos are rarely perfect straight out of the camera. RAW files can be adjusted later. If your camera lacks RAW, avoid combining a dark canyon interior and bright skies in the same shot.

 Deliberately underexposing by 0.5–1.5 stops helps to keep ISOs down and shutter speeds up. Bright areas are less likely to be blown out, while darker areas can usually be recovered later (if shot in RAW).


Some welcome sunshine towards the end of Osogna Intermedio (Route 35, Ticino) (photo: Simon Flower)

Carrying and protecting the camera

Waterproof cameras can be attached (via the wrist-strap) to the chin-strap of a helmet, then tucked down the front of a wetsuit. As well as being secure and quick to hand, the neoprene will protect the seals from excessive water pressure (waterfalls and jumps can cause unprotected cameras to leak).

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