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Why do Tottenham Hotspur FC have a bird on their crest?

That bird is a cockerel, a fighting cock with a spur on its leg. In 1882 the Hotspur Football Club was formed by grammar schoolboys from the Bible class at All Hallows Church. They were also members of Hotspur Cricket Club and it is thought that the name Hotspur was associated with Sir Henry Percy, who was “Harry Hotspur” of Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part I, and who lived locally during in the fourteenth century. Harry Hotspur was famous for his riding spurs and fighting cocks. In 1884 the club was renamed Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Club to distinguish itself from another team called London Hotspur.

Why Sheffield Wednesday and not Thursday or Monday?

Sheffield Wednesday was a cricket club when it originally formed in 1820 as The Wednesday Cricket Club — named after the day of the week when they played their matches. The cricketers formed the soccer branch of their club in 1867. The cricket branch eventually expired, but the name survived.