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The Five Duties of the Assistant Referees (subject to the decision of the referee)

• Indicate when the whole of the ball has passed out of the field of play.

• Indicate which side is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in.

• Indicate when a player may be penalized for being in an offside position.

• Indicate when a substitution is requested.

• Indicate when misconduct or any other incident has occurred out of the view of the referee.

Who was Ken Aston?

The red and yellow card system was invented by English referee Ken Aston, whose innovation was inspired one day in the late 1960s by the yellow “caution” and red “stop” lights in the streets of London. Aston sat on FIFA’s Referee’s Committee from 1970 to 1972. His card system was first used at the 1970 World Cup. Aston died on October 23, 2001 at the age of 86.

What does a yellow card mean?

The yellow card is a caution issued to a player by the referee. The yellow card may be shown to a player who is guilty of unsporting behaviour, shows dissent by word or action, persistently infringes the Laws of the Game, delays the restart of play, fails to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick or a free kick, enters or re-enters the field of play without the referee’s permission, or deliberately leaves the field of play without the referee’s permission. Any time a yellow or red card is shown, a “direct” or “indirect kick” will also be awarded.