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NOTES

1. Carol Stephanchuk and Charles Wong, Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China (San Francisco: China Books, 1992).

2. Bian Yi, China Daily, November 29, 1999.

3. With the fall of the last independent state of Chu, the Qin kingdom unified all other states into the first Chinese empire to be ruled by Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. The English word for China is considered to be derived from Qin (pronounced “Cheen”).

4. International Dragon Boat Federation Handbook, 4th edition (IDBF, 2004).

5. Ibid.

6. Henning Wiekhorst, Hong Kong: Mother of Dragons (Hong Kong: Creative-Dragon-Works, 2006).

7. Another translation of “Duan Wu” is “maximum sun” or “upright sun.” On the fifth day of the fifth month, the male forces (yang) are at maximum intensity and the sun reaches it highest position in the sky.

SOURCES

Barker, Pat. Dragon Boats: A Celebration. Vancouver:

Raincoast Books, 1996.

Bodde, Derk. Festivals in Classical China. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.