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With Koichi Tohei, Suenaka also found the opportunity to practice misogi (ritual purification) with disciples of Shin-Shin Toitsu Do (“Way of Mind and Body Coordinated”), the spiritual development system founded by Tempu Nakamura and based on elements of yoga and other spiritual disciplines, as well as swordsmanship. Suenaka and others would make pilgrimages into the mountains, kneeling in meditation in the snow, then plunging shirtless into an icy mountain stream, kneeling in the water up to their necks, then running back to kneel in the snow once again and continue meditating. “After a while, the water felt warmer than the air!,” says Suenaka. “But it really focused you, and made you tough.”

Nakamura’s teachings had an even greater influence on Tohei. When he ultimately severed relations with the Hombu in the years following O’Sensei’s death, Tohei Sensei christened his new organization Shin-Shin Toitsu aikido (Aikido with Mind and Body Coordinated), and gradually shifted his teaching emphasis from physical waza to ki development almost exclusively (discussed later).