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The most common is the fast-growing and ubiquitous Acropora. This genus (there are some 100 species) takes a variety of forms, ranging from branching thickets to table-like formations. The tables are considered to be a defense mechanism, as the Acropora quickly grows outward, shading any other corals that might try to overgrow it.

Another branching coral often recognized by divers is the needle coral Seriatopora hystrix, sending up delicate, pointed branches of cream, blue or pink. Seriatopora is usually found in quiet, rather shallow water.

Smaller corals. Some of the smaller coral colonies have distinct, interesting shapes. These corals are not primary reef builders, but colonize already established areas of the reef.

The mushroom corals (family Fungiidae) are common in Indonesia. These form carbonate skeletons that are flat and oval-shaped, perhaps 15-30 centimeters inches long, with fine, radial structures reminiscent of the "gills" of a mushroom. The skeletons are not attached to the reef, and particularly on drop-off reefs, are often knocked upside down by currents. These corals are capable of limited movement, and can usually right themselves eventually. The long-tentacled Heliofungia actiniformis is often mistaken for a sea anemone.