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The poisonous sea wasp, Chironex. This animal has been responsible for human fatalities in Australian waters.

Black corals. Black coral (subclass Ceriantipatharia, order Antipatharia) looks to the diver like a gorgonian, although it is more closely related to the stony corals and anemones. On deeper dives in Indonesia, one can see wire corals (Cirrhipathes) and black coral bushes (Antipathes).

The polished skeleton of the latter, particularly the thicker branches, is the precious black coral. Black coral is scarce, and its export from Indonesia and import into many other countries is prohibited by laws.

Cerianthids. In some areas, particularly with sandy bottoms, one can find cerianthids (subclass Ceriantipatharia, order Ceriantharia) or tube anemones. These are quite different from true anemones. Cerianthids have fine tentacles arranged in two concentric bands, and a tube— made of fibers created by special nematocysts—into which they can retract if disturbed.


A pair of Chromodoris willani, perhaps mating. All nudibranchs are hermaphrodites, although they require a partner to produce viable off-spring. Bunaken group, Sulawesi.

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