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18. Kata is one thing. Engaging in a real fight is another.

19. Do not forget (a) strength and weakness of power; (b) expansion and contraction of the body; (c) slowness and speed of techniques.

20. Devise at all times [i.e., be creative].

A more typical and “chantable” dojokun could be rendered in English as:

Attention! Seek Perfection of Character!

Attention! Be Faithful!

Attention! Endeavor!

Attention! Respect Others!

Attention! Refrain from Violent Behavior!

Since Okinawa is considered a cradle of karatedo development, a few of the major styles of Okinawan karatedo will be considered first. The umbrella organization, the Zen Okinawa Karatedo Renmei (All Okinawa Karatedo Federation), has a long and complex history. In April of 1918, Funakoshi Gichin, Oshiro Chodo, Hanashiro Chomo, Chibana Choshin, Mabuni Kenwa, Tokuda Anbun, Gusukuma Shimpan, Tokumura Masumi, and Ishigawa Ryugyo formed the Karate Kenkyu Kai (Karate Preservation Association). Also, in 1924, Miyagi Chojun, Kyoda Juhatsu, Shinzato Jinan, Shiroma Koki, Kyan Chotoku and Motobu Choki met in Naha city to form the Karate Kenkyu Association. In March 1926 the two organizations merged to form the Okinawa Karate Club.