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From Zemun (foreground) the first shots of the First World War were fired at Belgrade (far distance) across the River Sava (Stage 11)

The Treaties of Versailles (with Germany), St Germain (with Austria), Trianon (with Hungary) and Sevres (with Turkey), which followed the war in 1919–1920, had an enormous effect on both the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Turkish empires. The Habsburgs lost their throne after over 600 years and their empire was dismantled with Romania gaining Transylvania and Slovakia becoming part of the new country of Czechoslovakia. Hungary and Austria were left as two small independent nations. In Turkey, the Ottomans were removed and their empire dismantled. The new kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which included Serbia and territories once controlled by both Austro-Hungarians and Ottoman Turks, gained the most. In 1929 it assumed the name of Yugoslavia (literally ‘land of the south Slavs’). There was an extensive movement of peoples, particularly of Hungarians leaving Transylvania and Vojvodina.