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Whither Biology?

Biology’s recession within the subdiscipline irked SMA’s physically/biologically oriented members. Indeed, in his 1975 “What is Medical Anthropology?” commentary Khawaja Hasan – among the first to use the phrase “medical anthropology” in print – took the emerging subfield generally and George Foster specifically to task for neglecting the physical/biological side of the anthropological equation. Foster made this omission in a 1974 commentary contrasting medical anthropology and sociology. Hasan argued that, rather than focusing on the culture–society distinction, which Foster did (not uniquely: see, for example, Dingwall 1980; Paul 1963), Foster should have focused on anthropology’s holistic approach to “man” (sic). “Man” is the major focus of medicine, too, wrote Hasan; this, he argued, gives anthropology and medicine much more in common than anthropology and sociology. Hasan provided example after example of the role that biologists and “medical men” played in anthropology’s development, followed by more examples of physical/biological anthropologists at work within medicine.

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