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The Netherlands’s port city of Rotterdam has implemented innovations worthy of the aspirations of the fourth industrial revolution. Its lakes, roadways, garages, and city parks can double as emergency reservoirs when seas and rivers spill over, preventing flooding that could otherwise cause human tragedy and billions of dollars in damage. New York Times writer Michael Kimmelman wrote about this in his article titled, “The Dutch Have Solutions to Rising Seas. The World is Watching”:

Lately the city, accustomed to starting over, has reinvented itself as a capital of enterprise and environmental ingenuity. It has pioneered the construction of facilities like those parking garages that become emergency reservoirs, ensuring that the city can prevent sewage overflow from storms now predicted to happen every five or 10 years. It has installed plazas with fountains, gardens and basketball courts in underserved neighborhoods that can act as retention ponds. It has reimagined its harbors and stretches of its formerly industrial waterfront as incubators for new businesses, schools, housing and parks.53