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The more you train for endurance and power endurance, the more mitochondria and blood vessels you develop in your muscle tissue. You already have a load of mitochondria in your brain and your heart, because those muscles are always working. The target for your training will vary depending on sport-specific functions. For example, climbers use aerobic, restoration, and capillarity training (ARC) to develop mitochondria and capillaries in the forearms, so that the muscles can continue to perform contractions as they climb. The same goes for running—runners often do long, slow distance workouts that build lung capacity as well as mitochondria and capillary density in the legs and other working muscles. A nicely targeted training program can help with this development. For a variety of training tools and programs for a host of outdoor sports, visit modusathletica.com.

During training—or any period of activity and exertion for an athlete—macronutrients are what fuel the energy systems. Let’s take a closer look at some of the functions and best practices for optimally supporting each system.