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There are three different forms of the bow:

a) Keirei is the ceremonial salutation used to bow to your instructor or to show your respect for others and the dojo. To perform keirei, adopt the musubi dachi stance with your hands falling naturally on each side of your body. Bend your head and shoulders 25° to 30° forward with your eyes looking downward and your hands in front of your knees. Keep this position for about two seconds then look up.

b) Kenko ritsurei is the fighting salutation used to bow to your opponent (or partner during practice). Standing in the shizen hontai stance a few feet from your opponent (3 yards in a shiai), look him straight in the eyes and bend the upper part of your body 10° to 15° forward without losing eye contact. Your arms should be extended in front of your thighs, hands closed. Hold this position for one second then straighten your body. As soon as you have bowed the fight is engaged.

c) Zarei is the sitting salutation (ceremonial and fighting bow). Standing in the musubi dachi stance, bend your left leg and put your left knee, then your right knee, on the ground (your knees should be the width of two fists apart). Put your hands on your thighs, keeping your body straight by pulling your shoulders backward. Look at your opponent; then bend the upper part of your body 45° forward, bringing your hands down in front of your knees. Hold this position for two to three seconds, then straighten your body and stand up on your right foot first in a musubi dachi stance. In the fighting form, kenko zarei, you sit down on the tip of your toes and bend your body 10° to 15° forward keeping eye contact with your opponent.