Читать книгу Complete Shotokan Karate. History, Philosophy, and Practice онлайн
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Perhaps the greatest master of Naha-te in the history of Okinawan karate was Kanryo Higaonna (1851-1915). Higaonna, known as Kensei (lit., fist saint), studied in Fuzhou, China, for over twenty years under the ch'uan~fa master Liu Liu-ko. In addition, he was one of the top students of the famous Shuri-te master Sokon Matsumura.
The end of Satsuma rule in 1872 led to an intense rivalry between the Shuri, Naha, and Tomari schools, since they had no common enemy left to fight. This further resulted in open quarrels and a bad reputation for the art in general. However, in 1902 karate finally surfaced from the depths of secrecy. The Okinawans, recognizing its valuable character-building aspects, introduced it as a part of the physical education curriculum of the First Middle School of Okinawa upon the suggestion of Shintaro Ogawa, Commissioner of Schools for Kagoshima Prefecture.11 (Okinawa was officially apart of Japan by then.) The first instructor was Anko Itosu. Shortly thereafter, a number of men became well known as karate masters. Among them were Gichin Funakoshi, Chotoku Kyan, Kenwa Mabuni, Choki Motobu, Uden Yabu, Chojo Ogusuku, Chojun Miyagi, Chomo Hanashiro, Kentsu Yabu, Juhatsu Kiyoda, and Ankichi Arakaki. Many of them were responsible for the later introduction of karate systems into Japan.