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For simplicity and brevity, we have not marked the accents for specific tones. Though Chinese can have anywhere between four (in the case of Mandarin) and nine (in Cantonese) tones, which are ways of inflecting a particular syllable, omitting the markings for them will not impair your ability to look up such a word in this book. The equivalent sounds in English for Mandarin consonants are as follows:

b as in boy

c like the "s" in its

ch as in chew

d as in do

f as in food

g as in go

h as in how

j as in jump

k as in kick

l as in lunch

m as in mother

n as in no

p as in put

q like the "ch" in chew

r as in room

s as in so

sh as in show

t as in to

w as in work

x like the "sh" in shy

yh like the "y" in you

z is a sound between the "d" in do and the "z" in zoo

zh like the "j" in jump

Mandarin vowel-sound equivalents are as follows:

a as in armor

ai like the "i" in size

an like on

ang like the "ong" in song

ao like the "ow" in how

e like the "ea" in treasure

ei like the "ay" in hay

en like the "un" in run