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The following table explains how to pronounce the letters used for the Japanese and Okinawan entries in this book.

a as in the "a" in father

e as in echo

i as in it

o as in open

u as in the "ew" in dew

ba as in ball

be like bay

bi like bee

bo as in boat

bu as in Buddhist

bya is a sound between bi and a

byo is a sound between bi and o

byu as in the "bu" in bureau

cha as in cha-cha

che as in check

chi as in the "chee" in cheek

cho as in choke

chu as in choose

da as in dock

de like desk

do as in dough

fu as in food

ga as in gasoline

ge like gay

gi as in geek

go as in going

gu like goo

gya is a sound between gi and a

gyo is a sound between gi and o

gyu as in the "gu" in argument

ha like haw

he like hay

hi like he

ho like hoe

hya is a sound between hi and a

hyo is a sound between hi and o

hyu is a sound between hi and u

ja as in Japan

je as in the "ge" in gentlemen

ji as in the "gy" gymnasium

jo like Joe

ju as in June

ka like caw

ke like Kay

ki like key

ko as in the "co" in loco

ku like coo