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In the force option chart, we can see that an officer’s actions depend on legal constraints that include departmental policy as well as state, federal, and case law.
The situations that we may encounter in the field can be assigned to one of four different categories: the individuals we confront may be cooperative, resistive, assaultive, or life threatening. The force options that we can use depend on which of these categories an individual’s behavior falls into.
If the individual is cooperative, we can use our professional presence, nonverbal cues, or verbal commands; or we can control, search, or handcuff the individual.
If the individual is resistive, we can use a control hold, a firm grip, a defensive tactic, intermediate weapons control techniques, or pepper spray.
If the individual is assaultive, we have the option to use personal weapons (any natural body part, i.e., hands, feet, knees, elbows, etc.), carotid restraint, less lethal weapons, impact weapons, or a K-9.
In the last category, where the individual’s actions are life threatening or could cause great bodily injury, we have the option to use a firearm or strike a vital area with an impact weapon.