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Ruwet is very likely correct, since he was able to adduce a small group of similar patterns with three “hats” from Heawood (1950, nos. 2596–2600); they are associated with other letters (not “M”) which are, however, useful in confirming the viewing direction as allowing the objects to be read as hats rather than as daggers. Otherwise, however, their dates are too late to offer helpful parallels, even for the period of the English seventeenth-century binding: they are from English and Italian examples dated between 1685 and 1694, with one later example circa 1809. The earlier repertories reveal nothing as close as Heawood’s examples, though there was a pattern current in sixteenth-century Germany and Austria of three helmets — quite different in shape – within a shield (Briquet nos. 1111-1115, examples dated 1525 to 1580; Piccard IX. 2 [1980], nos. 284-365, examples of 1525 to 1593).

Figure 10. Specimen: folio 72 only (figure 13, beta-radiograph)

Part 2 (folios 73-84): Monetary tables

The nine tables are each written across a large folio sheet. The nine sheets were folded into bifolia and pasted together to form ten leaves, of which each of the inside eight consists of two half-sheets pasted together (see the collation chart below). Each bifolium contains a watermark in the center of one half but no countermark in the other. Two watermark patterns can be discerned; but, unfortunately, neither of the single outside leaves (folios 73, 82) happens to be the half-sheet with a watermark, and the paste-up job makes it impossible to make beta-radiographs or to observe the fine detail well enough to distinguish between molds.