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We discovered a similar problem related to the usage of orangeish/brown ochers and iron-based pigments. Our analyses did not detect any usage of ochre in Central Mexican or pre-colonial Mixtec manuscripts. On the other hand, we know that ochers such as goethite were commonly used in pre-colonial Mexica mural painting (López Luján and Chiari 2012, 333). Thus, according to presently available data, the introduction of ochers onto the codex painters’ palette seems to be a Central Mexican colonial innovation. This adition broke those cultural norms that made the pre-colonial color palette of codex painters clearly distinguishable from that used in mural painting, which was almost completely devoid of any purely inorganic pigment. The growth of this trend is shown by the common usage of ochers and other inorganic pigments in manuscripts dated to the second half of the sixteenth century, such as Codex De La Cruz Badianus, Codex Florentinus, and the Beinecke Map as well as in various maps found in Relaciones geográficas (Haude 1998; Newman and Derrick 2012; Giorgi, Chelazzi, and Magaloni Kerpel 2014; Domenici et al. 2018; Zetina et al. 2011).