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One of the subtleties of body movement affecting balance is the manner in which the feet are positioned against the floor. In Figures ssss1 through ssss1 correct and incorrect methods of using the feet are demonstrated. In order to maintain solid balance in any stance, it is necessary to tense the foot and toes downward as if trying to grip the floor with them, as demonstrated from the front and side in Figures ssss1 and ssss1. Figures ssss1 and ssss1 show an incorrect tension of the feet with the toes actually raised, causing less of the foot surface to contact the floor, and upsetting balance.

These may seem to be minor points as far as fighting technique is concerned; however, it must be remembered that balance affects all karate movement, and an unbalanced fighter is incapable of delivering the strongest technique.

Generating Force

The generation of force in karate techniques is a complex matter, combining a number of coordinated principles and movements, including hip movement, centrifugal force, reaction force, leg drive, proper muscle use, speed, and focus. To accomplish this, the body must be maintained in the correct position for each technique so that the coordination of these principles and movements is maximized. Figure ssss1 demonstrates some of the factors adding to the generation of power in the counterpunch. The fighter stands in the left front stance, executing a counterpunch with the right fist. The punch commences with a sharp rotating motion of the hips (A). This rotation of the hips is aided by the driving force of the leg (B). As the punching fist travels forward (E), the opposite arm is withdrawn sharply (D), causing the shoulders to rotate in the same direction as the hips and adding reaction force to the punching arm (E). As the punch makes contact with the opponent, the rear leg is stiffened, adding a reaction force (C) to the punch.