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However, Tantric ideas remained in Tibet and Ladakh. Srongtsen Gampo of Tibet had adopted Buddhism as the state religion in the seventh century. Later King Trisong Detsen invited a series of Indian masters, including Padma Sambhava, to teach Buddhism in Tibet. Ironically, it was the assassination of King Langdarma, a strident Bon practitioner and anti-Buddhist ruler, that prompted a revival on the high plateaux of Ladakh, Guge and Tibet. His great-grandson Nyima Gon established firm rule over Ladakh and Western Tibet, and it was his descendants, Yeshe O and Changchub O, who invited Atisa to Toling in the 10th–11th centuries.

The great translator Rinchen Zangpo helped to establish 108 monasteries across Ladakh, Western Tibet and Spiti, visiting the fledgling monastic centre at Spituk around AD1050. However, the first of the great Ladakhi monasteries was built in the early 12th century at Likir. During the 12th–15th centuries the various kings of Ladakh loosely concentrated their power and constructed bridges, palaces and chortens. However, they remained under the influence of Central Tibet.