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Stok Palace, on the bank of the Indus River near Leh

After the 15th century many of the Ladakhi monasteries, including Spituk and Likir, transferred to the new Gelug-pa sect of reformer Tsong Khapa. Under King Grags Bum-Ide, a prolific builder, Thikse was founded and images of Buddha Maitreya constructed at Tingmosgang and Tsemo above Leh. Surprisingly, the Sakya-pa gompa at Matho was also consecrated at this time. The lineage of King Grags Bum-Ide ended, allowing the Namgyal dynasty to take power. The first king was Tashi Namgyal, but despite his despotic rule the Drigung philosophy flourished across Ladakh. Tsewang Namgyal (approximately 1530–60) managed to hold power in Ladakh and even extend rule towards Turkic Yarkand. Jamyang Namgyal became ruler of Ladakh from 1560 to 1590, facing opposition from the Muslim Baltis.

The fleeces of pashmina goats have been an important part of the Ladakhi economy for hundreds of years

Perhaps the most successful ruler was King Sengge Namgyal (approximately 1590–1620). With the assistance of the Buddhist master Stagsang Raspa he founded many new monasteries, including Basgo, Hemis and Chemrey. He was a follower of the Druk-pa Kagyu-pa order, and also built the nine-storied palace at Leh that remains today. Deldan Namgyal (1620–40) followed; he was a wise and socially adroit ruler. It was during his rule that the Portuguese Jesuit, Antonio de Andrade, travelled to Tsaparang, which gave rise to the decline of the adjacent Guge Kingdom.