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One of the all too frequent and devastating social forces that populations respond to is armed conflict and the forced displacement of people. Conflicts lead to death and disability (the vast majority among non-combatants), displacement, environmental destruction, and exacerbate the full range of structural violence that is often the precursor to conflicts. While still rare among topics addressed in biocultural research despite the myriad conflicts over the past three decades, critical biocultural anthropologists have examined the biosocial consequences of conflicts on nutrition and health, growth, reproduction, and mental health (see the review by Clarkin 2019; Rylko-Bauer this volume). Kort et al. (2016), for example, has built a research program studying biocultural aspects of mental health in Nepal and Mongolia in the context of war. Clarkin (2019) has studied the effects of war and displacement on growth among the Hmong living in the United States and French Guiana. Leatherman and Thomas (2009) have discussed the social, economic, and health precursors to civil war in Peru and the impacts of conflict in an Andean setting.