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PART I Theories, Applications, and MethodsCHAPTER 1 Re/inventing Medical Anthropology: Definitional Struggles and Key Debates (Or: Answering the Cri Du Coeur)
Elisa J. Sobo
INTRODUCTION
The distinct subfield called “medical anthropology” emerged in the 1970s as the outcome of many lines of intertwined inquiry. Interest in diverse health practices and understandings goes back centuries, pre-dating anthropology’s establishment as an academic discipline. However, after World War II, a notable subset within the field began to consider health a topic worthy of focused specialization. Anglophone anthropology’s participation in post-World War II international and public health efforts fueled this impulse: Data collected in earlier times for simple descriptive purposes proved invaluable as these scholars worked to help said health programs succeed. That is, medical anthropology’s concretized emergence was driven by ethnology’s newly valuable, directly “technical” (Scotch 1963) relevance. Indeed, the first review of the nascent field, William Caudill’s “Applied Anthropology in Medicine” (1953), emphasized its practical utility.