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By the 1990s, some biological anthropologists who had followed developments in critical theory acknowledged political ecology’s reductionist tendencies and called for deeper appreciation of the dialectical relationship between culture and biology (see Baer 1996; Singer 1996). A more sophisticated biocultural synthesis emerged – one highlighting the complexly interactive roles that social structures and the local and global political economies that support them play in biological outcomes (see Goodman and Leatherman 1998). Some areas of inquiry benefitting from this approach are global malnutrition, tourism’s impact on host population health, the situational emergence of syndemic clusters of disease or affliction, the consequences of declared and undeclared wars, or of structural racism, and even how pollution, deforestation, soil degradation, and climate change have affected human health. Such anthropogenic hazards can converge, each having a multiplier effect on the other, and thereby on human (and other species’) well-being; and effects can be transgenerational.