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Gear

Survival Essentials

You should always have the following:

Water Carry at least 1 liter of water (preferably 2), drink frequently, and have some means of purifying backcountry sources (chemical treatment or filter).

Fire and Light Bring waterproof matches and Vaseline-coated cotton balls (or other easy-to-ignite kindling) for starting an emergency fire, along with a headlamp or flashlight in case you’re still hiking at night.

Survival Gear Pack heavy-duty garbage bags to use as emergency rain protection, shelter, and warmth, plus a whistle to signal for help.

First-Aid Kit At a minimum this should include an over-the-counter painkiller/swelling reducer such as ibuprofen; a 2-to 4-inch-wide elastic (ACE) bandage for wrapping sprained joints or other injuries; and the basics for treating a bleeding wound: antibiotic ointment, sterile gauze, small bandages, medical tape, and large Band-Aids. Prepackaged kits are readily available at any outdoor-equipment store.

Map and Compass To know where you are and to find your way home. Even the simplest compass is useful.