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Many noise reduction programs (see ssss1) allow you to change the colour part of the noise independently from the ‘grain’ (or luminosity) part – this is useful where you don’t want to over-soften a very noisy image – as often it is the colour part of noise that is least appealing.

Other settings

When shooting JPEG, various other image settings are also up for grabs. These can include sharpening, saturation and several other parameters. These are usually rolled up together under some broad heading such as Picture Controls (Nikon), Picture Styles (Canon) or Creative Styles (Sony), but on some cameras you can drill down into these to alter the parameters individually.

Another clutch of controls aim to tackle problems caused by high dynamic range (excessive contrast). These have names like Active D-Lighting (Nikon), Auto Lighting Optimizer (Canon) or Dynamic Range Optimizer (Sony). Again these are usually rectified automatically by default but many cameras will allow you to intervene if you want more control over the way the final image looks. If you really want ultimate control, don’t forget the option to shoot RAW.