Читать книгу King's Applied Anatomy of the Abdomen and Pelvis of Domestic Mammals онлайн

30 страница из 32

Acute diarrhoea may be mild with no other clinical signs and due to a dietary trigger. Severe diarrhoea may result in dehydration, abdominal pain and a body temperature increase, and it may be due to an infection. Chronic diarrhoea, lasting more than 2 weeks, can have a variety of aetiologies ranging from neoplasia to hyperthyroidism (feline). Clinical signs such as increased or decreased frequency of defaecation or the presence of blood in the faeces are all diagnostically significant and may help in the localisation of intestinal disease.

A vomiting centre, located in the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain, mediates the vomiting reflex. The differential diagnosis of vomiting can be quite involved, although more so in dogs and cats rather than in the larger animals. Vomiting can be acute or chronic and may originate in the stomach or the small intestine; the possible causes are many and serious or trivial. Retching is followed by abdominal contractions resulting in forceful expulsion of oesophageal and gastric contents.