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There are many possible causes of weight loss in animals. In dogs and cats disorders of malabsorption (see Section 5.3.5) may result from inflammatory bowel disease or severe parasitism. In farm animals there are a number of specific diseases that may cause weight loss, e.g. Johne’s disease in cattle and sheep (see Sections 5.3.2 and 5.3.3).

Abdominal discomfort in animals is usually detected by the patient’s restlessness and pain on palpation. In dogs gastroenteritis and gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) are severe causes of abdominal pain requiring urgent attention (see Section 4.3.5). In horses colic is a serious cause of abdominal pain (see Section 6.3).

Loss of appetite (anorexia) may have many causes in dogs ranging from dietary preference to a variety of causes warranting clinical assessment. In horses the explanation for a loss of appetite may be dental pain.

Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis is potentially a serious cause of blood in the faeces of dogs. Other possible causes are parasitism, parvovirus infection, E. coli infection and neoplasia.