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ssss1 For Robertson ([1959] 1994, 82–106), the first stage of the school comprehends the period between 1519 and 1541 and deals with manuscripts that maintain elements associated by contemporary scholarship with pre-Conquest traditions, such as the screen-fold format. The second stage comprehends the period between 1541 and 1601 and, as mentioned in the text contains manuscripts made by indigenous artists but which reveal traits associated with the process of acculturation to Spanish traditions and techniques.

ssss1 Nicholson and other scholars have noted that this reference to gold may state the price at which Hakluyt acquired the Codex Mendoza. However, since the middle of 1587 on, the tensions and aggressions between Spain and England that resulted in the attempt to invade England in 1588 constantly increased. Given the position of the English cleric as a close observer of the actions of Sir Edward Stafford, who was believed to be selling information to the Spanish, one cannot dismiss that said inscription could have been meant as a code or related to a need for imperious communication with England.