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15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 (a) Diagram showing temperature and pressure ranges of diagenesi...Figure 15.2 An undeformed cube (above) subjected to uniform stress changes v...Figure 15.3 Common metamorphic rocks. (a) Non‐foliated rocks include marble,...Figure 15.4 Kyanite–andalusite–sillimanite stability fields.Figure 15.5 Photomicrograph of a quartz porphyroblast that has experienced e...Figure 15.6 Meteor Crater Arizona.Figure 15.7 Brittle faulting produces cataclasites and high‐strain rate pseu...Figure 15.8 Cross‐section of contact metamorphism as granite intrudes limest...Figure 15.9 Cross‐section depicting chemical reactions at mid ocean ridges....Figure 15.10 Compressive stress produces foliations typically at a high angl...Figure 15.11 Dynamothermal metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries.
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Force acting on a two‐dimensional plane can be depicted as a vec...Figure 16.2 Three‐dimensional block diagrams illustrating the three main typ...Figure 16.3 (a) Uniform stress in which the three principal stress axes are ...Figure B16.1 Teeter‐totter analogy of: (a) a principal plane oriented perpen...Figure 16.4 Principle stresses directed toward a cube. Note that shear stres...Figure 16.5 (a) Non‐uniform stresses transform a sphere into (b) an ellipsoi...Figure 16.6 Summary diagram of the four types of rock deformation. Figure 16.7 (a) Homogeneous strain in which parallel lines remain parallel, ...Figure 16.8 Photomicrograph of a ~5 mm snowball garnet that has been rotated...Figure 16.9 Illustration depicting X, Y, and Z strain axes. Figure 16.10 The equidimensional cylinder in stage A represents an undeforme...Figure 16.11 Diagram illustrating deformation of: (a) an initially undeforme...Figure B16.2 (a) Illustration of Poisson's ratio in which material “fattenin...Figure 16.12 Elastic behavior is depicted on idealized stress–strain graphs....Figure 16.13 (a) Idealized plastic deformation initiates after a critical st...Figure 16.14 Plastic deformation proceeds through microscopic intracrystalli...Figure 16.15 (a) Quartz pebbles of the Purgatory Conglomerate experienced di...Figure 16.16 Stylolites in a marble slab form by concentration of insoluble ...Figure 16.17 Cobble creep occurs through moderate to high temperature atom a...Figure 16.18 (a) Idealized rock response to stress in which low stress level...Figure 16.19 Brittle–ductile transition within Earth.Figure 16.20 (a) Competence contrast results in both brittle and ductile beh...Figure 16.21 General types of structures produced by brittle and ductile def...Figure 16.22 Block diagrams of (a) two conjugate normal dip‐slip faults, (b)...Figure 16.23 Nonsystematic, random veins in metabasalt, Bou Azzer, Morocco....Figure 16.24 Parallel, regularly spaced systematic veins in competent metaqu...Figure 16.25 En echelon quartz vein array that formed in response to sinistr...Figure 16.26 Systematic, parallel blocky spar quartz and feldspar folded gra...Figure 16.27 Fibrous calcite veins indicating sinistral shear within metavol...Figure 16.28 (a) Major components of folds. (b) Terms used to describe the f...Figure 16.29 Idealized block diagrams illustrating (a) syncline; (b) anticli...Figure 16.30 Development of superposed folds. (a) Initial folding event with...Figure 16.31 Transposed folds in metamorphosed ironstone in which “rootless”...Figure 16.32 Parasitic folds produce Z (clockwise rotation), M (symmetrical ...Figure 16.33 Tectonic mélange displays metabasalt encased within a muddy mat...Figure 16.34 Intense deformation can result in localized melting and the dev...Figure 16.35 Random, linear, and planar fabric elements.Figure 16.36 Note the cleavage and bedding relationships. The axial planar c...Figure 16.37 This figure illustrates: (a) Intersection lineations formed by ...Figure 16.38 Pencil cleavage from slate within the Anti‐Atlas Mountains, Mor...Figure 16.39 Crenulation lineations in phyllite, Newport, Rhode Island.Figure 16.40 Stretching lineations in hornblende in metamorphosed granite, B...Figure 16.41 Slickenlines on exposed portion of the San Andreas Fault, San F...Figure 16.42 Lake Superior ironstones display plunging folds and steeply inc...