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The basic eight trigrams from the Book of Canges are correlated with the fundamental eight Pa-kua forms as follows:

HISTORY AND MASTERS

The origin of Pa-kua is unknown. The first specific reference to it is 1796, when it was recorded that a boxer in Shantung named Wang Hsiang taught the art to a certain Feng Ke-shan. In 1810 Feng met a Niu Liang-ch’en, who also taught him certain aspects of the art. The traditional teaching, however, is that Tung Hai-ch’uan (1798-1879) of Hopei Province is its modern progenitor.

Tung Hai-ch’uan was a poor boy from Hopei province who, after some scrapes in Peking, journeyed to Mount Omei in Szechwan Province, where he met two Taoists, Ku Chi-tzu and Shang Tao-yuan (the surnames are standard but the given names have strong Taoist connotations, and hence are probably “religious” names), who taught him Pa-kua for eleven years. For seven years he reportedly walked around a tree until it seemed to lean toward him, at which time he became enlightened and reported his experience to the Taoists. They then had him do a figure-8 walk circling two trees, which he did for two years until it seemed that the trees began to “pursue” him. The Taoists praised him and asked if he were homesick. When he acknowledged that he was, they congratulated him on not losing his natural feelings and then taught him hand changes and weapons techniques for two years, after which he returned home to Hopei and then went to Peking, where he taught a number of students.