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Kadam-pa

The Kadam-pa developed in the 11th century after a Bon rebellion. Atisa, another intellectual Indian teacher from the Buddhist university of Nalanda in India, conceived it. He held the view that Tantric methods to enlightenment should only follow on after in-depth reflection on the philosophy of the religion. These austere practices probably led to it being eclipsed by the powerful Sakya-pa sect. The Kadam-pa doctrines later became the basis of the Gelug-pa.

The statue of Maitreya in Likir, Central Ladakh

Kagyu-pa

The Kagyu-pa sect is attributed to the Indian mystic translator (Lotsawa) Marpa (1012–97), a disciple of Atisa. He followed other famous Indian sages, Tilopa and Naropa, who are also considered masters of Kagyu-pa. The Kagyu-pa concentrate their meditations on inner mental and spiritual matters. They choose to be close to their teachers. The Kagyu-pa sect has a number of sub-groups, such as Dagpo, Drigung-pa, Druk-pa, Taglung-pa and the Karma-pa.

Karma-pa (Karmarpa)

The Karma-pa (Karmarpa) is a sub-sect that has descended from the master, Gampopa (1079–1153), whose life was reputedly foretold by Buddha Sakyamuni. The Black Hat Karmarpas are just one influential body within the sect, but are famous for their festival dances.