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Drigung-pa

The Drigung sect has its founding monastery of Drigung Til about 125km northeast of Lhasa. Its founder was Jigten Sumgon (1143–1217). In Ladakh he is called Skyoba Jigjen.

Druk-pa

The northern Druk-pa are found in Tibet and Ladakh, while the southern Druk-pa are found in Bhutan. The sect originated in the 12th century in Ralung, near Gyangtse in southern Tibet. Many Druk-pa lamas left Ralung because of persecution by Gelug-pa followers. The Shabdrung, the spiritual leader of the Druk-pa sect, was a descendant of the founder of the Ralung Gompa, and in 1616 he also left for Bhutan.

Sakya-pa

The Sakya-pa began in the 11th century south of modern-day Lhatse, west of Xigatse. This sect stresses the need for study of the existing Buddhist scriptures. Under the Sakya-pa the two great Tibetan Buddhist bibles, the Tangyur and Kangyur, were compiled. The Sakya-pa flourished under Mongolian patronage, but later declined.

Gelug-pa

The Gelug-pa is the Yellow Hat sect of the Dalai Lama, initiated by Tsong Khapa, who reformed and developed Atisa’s original ideas. This form of Buddhism reverted to a purist format, bringing greater morality and discipline to the monks. It sought to remove some Tantric aspects and to cleanse the religion. The first monastery was established at Ganden, near Lhasa. The Dalai Lamas are the spiritual leaders of the Gelug-pa sect. In the early 15th century, the Gelug-pa schools came to Ladakh from Tibet and established the majority of the monasteries that exist today.