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The recognition of the impact of early stress on later health, framed in terms of fetal and/or metabolic programming and developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), and the role that epigenetics and the microbiome play in biology and health, are significant areas of advancement that have obvious implications for a critical biocultural medical anthropology. Perhaps the best-known example is the thrifty phenotype hypothesis that proposes a relationship between prenatal and early life nutrition and adult obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (Barker et al. 2002; Hales and Barker 2001), especially where there is a mismatch between the nutritional landscape during fetal development and the subsequent life-course. Such studies have advanced biocultural anthropology by working against genetic determinism and revealing instead the complex interplay between genetics, life course, and environments in the embodiment of human experiences. They have also helped shift perspectives on human variation toward situated bodies and biologies (Lock 2017) over universal bodies and biologies.