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 A comfortable, well-adjusted rucksack (40–50 litres) with compression straps, and a waterproof liner.

 Clothing should be lightweight wherever possible. Layers allow flexibility with the varying temperatures encountered during an alpine climb; a thermal vest as a base layer is preferred. Trousers of a stretch material are ideal. Overtrousers should have long zips so they can be pulled on and off over crampons.

 Two pairs of gloves will be needed; an inner pair with leather palms allow good grip for technical climbing, while lined mittens provide protection in cold conditions.

 A fleece hat, brimmed sunhat and climbing helmet are all essential.

 Comfortable leather boots for most climbs in summer, but plastic boots in winter, in extra cold conditions, and for the very highest summits. Crampons must be compatible with your boots (plus point covers or a thick bag for safety in travel).

 Full length gaiters help keep legs and feet dry when ploughing through snow.

 A climbing sit-harness; ice axe (minimum 50cm) with curved pick, and an ice hammer.