Читать книгу A Companion to Medical Anthropology онлайн
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Having an explicit, logical plan to connect data and theory enhances the validity of all types of research. DeWalt and DeWalt (2011) discuss how to design research with participant observation. Spradley’s (1979, 1980) Developmental Research Sequence is a model for designing ethnographic research with progressively more focused methods of data collection and analysis. Bernard (2018) shows how the logic of experimental design helps researchers avoid common threats to validity – even if you never run an experiment. Johnson (1998) discusses research design in systematic anthropological research, and LeCompte and Schensul (2010) show how the logic of research design cuts across specific methods of data collection and analysis. Each of these sources provides many examples from research in medical anthropology.
Basic Research Designs
True (1996) noted that research design plays different roles in the training of medical anthropologists and epidemiologists. In epidemiology and allied fields, researchers recognize a set of basic research designs that have different strengths and weaknesses for answering particular types of questions. Medical anthropologists are generally not trained to think in these terms. However, familiarity with the range of research designs commonly used in other social and health sciences can enhance the validity of research in medical anthropology and increase our impact on neighboring disciplines and policymakers.