Читать книгу Environmental Ethics онлайн

88 страница из 125

39 ssss1 Two studies show the quandary that pollution caused in nineteenth century Britain: Stephen Mosley, The Chimney of the World: A History of Smoke Pollution in Victorian and Edwardian Manchester (London and New York: Routledge, 2008) and Peter Thorsheim, Inventing Pollution: Coal, Smoke, and Culture in Britain since 1800 (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2006).

40 ssss1 The human “makings” over and against Nature without this human interference is obviously a controversial topic in nineteenth century Britain, cf. Thomas Hardy’s novel, A Laodicean, in which the daughter of a man who made a fortune as an engineer in the new rail service to the West Country (an act which is seen as unnatural) follows onto the daughter, who herself is unnatural from this background. For a broader historical treatment see the classic: Eric Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire: The Birth of the Industrial Revolution (New York: The New Press, rpt. 1999).

41 ssss1 I distinguish between two sorts of human communities based upon size: Boylan (2004) ssss1.